ADC Resolution Calculator
ADC step size and levels from bits and reference voltage.
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ADC Resolution Calculator
How to use this tool
- Enter the ADC resolution in bits and the reference voltage in volts.
- Press Generate. The tool shows the step size, the number of levels and the maximum code.
- Use Load sample for a 10-bit ADC at 5 V, or Clear to start again.
Worked example
For a 10-bit ADC with Vref 5 V, there are 2^10 = 1,024 levels, the step size is 5 / 1,024 = 0.0048828 V (4.8828 mV), and the maximum code is 1,023.
What this tool does not do / Limits
This is the ideal step size (Vref / 2^bits). Real ADCs add offset, gain and linearity errors and noise, so the smallest reliably measurable change is usually larger than one ideal step.
Frequently asked questions
Why divide by 2^bits and not 2^bits minus 1?
Both conventions exist. This tool uses Vref / 2^bits, the standard step between adjacent codes; using 2^bits - 1 instead changes a 10-bit 5 V step only from 4.8828 mV to 4.8876 mV.
What is the maximum code?
Levels minus one: a 10-bit ADC counts from 0 to 1,023, so the highest code is 1,023 even though there are 1,024 levels.
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